{"id":104351,"date":"2021-02-19T09:10:18","date_gmt":"2021-02-19T14:10:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/?p=104351"},"modified":"2021-02-19T09:10:25","modified_gmt":"2021-02-19T14:10:25","slug":"clima-invernal-extremo-golpea-ee-uu-y-europa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/?p=104351","title":{"rendered":"Clima invernal extremo golpea EE. UU. Y Europa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Grandes extensiones de Am\u00e9rica del Norte se han visto afectadas por nevadas fr\u00edas y fuertes, lo que ha provocado p\u00e9rdidas de vidas, un gran caos en el tr\u00e1fico y cortes de energ\u00eda para millones de personas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La congelaci\u00f3n prolongada, que vio muchas temperaturas m\u00e1ximas y m\u00ednimas fr\u00edas r\u00e9cord, fue causada por una r\u00e1faga de aire \u00e1rtico que descendi\u00f3 desde Canad\u00e1 hasta Texas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1s de 100 millones de personas de m\u00e1s de 1,6 millones de km\u00b2 estaban bajo advertencias de tormentas invernales, seg\u00fan el Servicio Meteorol\u00f3gico Nacional de EE. UU. Alrededor del 73% de los Estados Unidos continentales estaba cubierto de nieve a la medianoche del 16 de febrero, la mayor extensi\u00f3n registrada en la base de datos, que se remonta a 2003. Algunas partes de Texas eran m\u00e1s fr\u00edas que Alaska. Seg\u00fan informes de noticias, Dallas alcanz\u00f3 un m\u00ednimo de 4 \u00b0 F (-16 \u00b0 C) el 15 de febrero, la temperatura m\u00e1s fr\u00eda que ha visto la ciudad desde 1989. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Las temperaturas cercanas a 60 \u00b0 F (15,6 \u00b0 C) son m\u00e1s t\u00edpicas en esta \u00e9poca del a\u00f1o. . La temperatura en el Aeropuerto Intercontinental de Houston era de -8 \u00b0 C (17 \u00b0 F). Se inform\u00f3 que 4 millones de personas en Texas estaban sin electricidad. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los datos satelitales publicados por la NASA mostraron el alcance de los cortes de energ\u00eda cuando el estado se sumi\u00f3 en la oscuridad. El Servicio Meteorol\u00f3gico Nacional de EE. UU. Dijo que las temperaturas anormalmente fr\u00edas continuar\u00edan hasta el 19 de febrero. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEs probable que se produzcan temperaturas m\u00e1ximas y m\u00ednimas diarias r\u00e9cord en el centro sur de los Estados Unidos hasta el s\u00e1bado por la ma\u00f1ana. Las llanuras y el valle de Mississippi pueden esperar anomal\u00edas de temperatura diarias que oscilen entre 20 y 30 grados Fahrenheit por debajo de lo normal \u201d, dijo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tormentas y fr\u00edo en Europa <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00f3rtice polar La Federaci\u00f3n de Rusia y partes del norte de Europa se vieron afectadas por un clima muy fr\u00edo a mediados de febrero, junto con una serie de tormentas atl\u00e1nticas. El sur de Europa y el Mediterr\u00e1neo sufrieron grandes tormentas de nieve, incluso en Espa\u00f1a. Grecia estuvo cubierta por la nieve en la semana del 15 de febrero y la nieve se sum\u00f3 a los problemas humanitarios de las poblaciones de Siria y Yemen. El Reino Unido experiment\u00f3 su noche de febrero m\u00e1s fr\u00eda desde 1955, con la temperatura en Braemar, Aberdeenshire, que cay\u00f3 a menos 23 \u00b0 C el 10 de febrero, seg\u00fan la Oficina Meteorol\u00f3gica del Reino Unido. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En Escandinavia, Letonia registr\u00f3 una temperatura media del aire en el invierno 2020\/2021 de -3,7 \u00b0 C, la m\u00e1s fr\u00eda desde 2012\/2013, y tambi\u00e9n con la capa de nieve m\u00e1s gruesa desde entonces. En los primeros diez d\u00edas de febrero, la temperatura promedio del aire en Letonia fue de -8.8 \u00b0 C, que es 5.0 \u00b0 C por debajo de la norma de la d\u00e9cada (norma 1981-2010). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En Alemania, en la semana que comenz\u00f3 el 8 de febrero, la temperatura cay\u00f3 por debajo de los -20 \u00b0 C en muchas estaciones de observaci\u00f3n, rompiendo r\u00e9cords mensuales, mientras que incluso las \u00e1reas bajas recibieron fuertes nevadas, seg\u00fan Deutsche Wetterdienst. Los canales de los Pa\u00edses Bajos se congelaron, un evento cada vez m\u00e1s raro. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Calentamiento estratosf\u00e9rico repentino <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El clima extremo de febrero fue provocado por patrones de circulaci\u00f3n atmosf\u00e9rica interconectados a gran escala y un evento meteorol\u00f3gico reciente llamado Evento de Calentamiento Estratosf\u00e9rico S\u00fabito en lo alto de la Estratosfera, a unos 30 km sobre el Polo Norte. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oscilaci\u00f3n \u00e1rtica 2021 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El evento de calentamiento estratosf\u00e9rico llev\u00f3 a un debilitamiento del v\u00f3rtice polar, que es un \u00e1rea de baja presi\u00f3n y aire fr\u00edo que rodea los polos norte y sur de la Tierra, con vientos arremolinados en chorro del oeste que circulan a su alrededor. Por lo general, esos vientos son lo suficientemente fuertes como para mantener el aire m\u00e1s fr\u00edo en el \u00c1rtico durante el invierno. El debilitamiento permiti\u00f3 que el aire fr\u00edo se derramara hacia las latitudes medias, incluido Estados Unidos, y que el aire m\u00e1s c\u00e1lido ingresara al \u00c1rtico. Un \u00edndice llamado Oscilaci\u00f3n del \u00c1rtico mide hasta qu\u00e9 punto el aire polar se retiene en el \u00c1rtico o serpentea hacia el sur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una Oscilaci\u00f3n \u00c1rtica positiva indica que el aire fr\u00edo est\u00e1 atrapado en el \u00c1rtico; y uno negativo significa que el aire fr\u00edo choca hacia el sur a medida que la corriente en chorro se debilita. Las interrupciones repetidas del v\u00f3rtice polar dieron como resultado una oscilaci\u00f3n \u00e1rtica fuertemente negativa desde principios de diciembre de 2020. Esto se tradujo en un patr\u00f3n c\u00e1lido de continente \u00e1rtico y fr\u00edo, con olas fr\u00edas en Europa, as\u00ed como episodios de fuertes precipitaciones, particularmente en el sur de Europa y el borde del Mediterr\u00e1neo pa\u00edses y tormentas atl\u00e1nticas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Papel del cambio clim\u00e1tico <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La ola de fr\u00edo es inusual pero no excepcional. Y a diferencia de Am\u00e9rica del Norte, otras partes del mundo han sido inusualmente c\u00e1lidas. Despu\u00e9s de la ola de fr\u00edo, muchas partes de Europa central se volvieron inusualmente c\u00e1lidas. Ola de fr\u00edo de EE. UU. Febrero de 2021 En general, las olas de fr\u00edo son cada vez menos frecuentes como resultado del cambio clim\u00e1tico y ha habido una disminuci\u00f3n en los nuevos registros de temperaturas fr\u00edas como resultado del calentamiento global. Pero las temperaturas fr\u00edas y la nieve seguir\u00e1n formando parte de nuestros patrones clim\u00e1ticos t\u00edpicos en el invierno del hemisferio norte. En su Quinto Informe de Evaluaci\u00f3n, el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico dijo que es \u00abpr\u00e1cticamente seguro que habr\u00e1 temperaturas m\u00e1s fr\u00edas y calientes m\u00e1s frecuentes en la mayor\u00eda de las \u00e1reas terrestres en escalas de tiempo diarias y estacionales a medida que aumenten las temperaturas medias globales. Es muy probable que Las olas de calor ocurrir\u00e1n con mayor frecuencia y duraci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Large swathes of North America have been gripped by cold and heavy snowfall, causing loss of life, major traffic chaos and power outages for millions of people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The prolonged freeze, which saw many new record cold maximum and minimum temperatures, was caused by an Arctic blast of air moving down from Canada all the way into Texas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"US<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

More than 100 million people over 1.6 million km\u00b2 were under winter storm warnings, according to the US National Weather Service. Some 73% of the Continental USA was covered in snow as of midnight February 16, the greatest extent on record in the database, which dates back to 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some parts of Texas were colder than Alaska. According to news reports, Dallas reached a low of 4\u00b0F (-16\u00b0C) on February 15, the coldest temperature the city has seen since 1989. Temperatures near 60\u00b0F (15.6\u00b0C) are more typical this time of year. The temperature at Houston\u2019s Intercontinental Airport was 17\u00b0F (-8\u00b0C).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A reported 4 million people in Texas were without power. Satellite data published by NASA<\/a> showed the extent of the power outages as the state was plunged into darkness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The US National Weather Service said that abnormally cold temperatures would continue until 19 February.  \u201cRecord cold daily maximum and minimum temperatures are likely to transpire in the South Central U.S. through Saturday morning. The Plains and Mississippi Valley can expect daily temperature anomalies ranging between 20 and 30 degrees Fahrenheit below normal,\u201d it said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Storms and cold in Europe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"PolarThe Russian Federation and Northern parts of Europe were hit by very cold weather in mid-February, alongside a series of Atlantic storms. Southern Europe and the Mediterranean saw major snowstorms, including in Spain. Greece was blanketed by snow in the week of 15 February and snow added to the humanitarian woes of populations in Syria and Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The United Kingdom saw its coldest February night since 1955, with the temperature<\/a> in Braemar, Aberdeenshire fell to minus 23.0 \u00b0C on 10 February, according to the UK\u2019s Met Office.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Scandinavia, Latvia saw an average air temperature in winter 2020\/2021 of -3,7 \u00b0C, the coldest since 2012\/2013, and also with the thickest snow cover since then. In the first ten days of February the average air temperature in Latvia was -8.8 \u00b0C, which is 5.0 \u00b0C below the decade norm (1981-2010 norm). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Germany, in the week beginning 8 February, the temperature fell below -20\u00b0C at many observing stations, breaking monthly records, whilst even low-lying areas received heavy snow, according to the Deutsche Wetterdienst. Canals in the Netherlands froze over \u2013 an increasingly rare event.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sudden Stratospheric Warming<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

February\u2019s extreme weather was triggered by large scale and interconnected atmospheric circulation patterns and a recent meteorological event called a Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event high up in the Stratosphere, about 30 km over the North Pole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Arctic<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The stratospheric warming event led to a weakening of the polar vortex, which is an area of low pressure and cold air surrounding the Earth\u2019s North and South poles, with swirling westerly jet stream winds circulating around them. Typically, those winds are strong enough to keep the coldest air in the Arctic during the winter. The weakening allowed the cold air to spill out into the mid-latitudes, including the USA, and for the warmer air to enter the Arctic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An index called the Arctic Oscillation<\/a> measures the extent to which polar air is either held back in the Arctic or meanders southwards. A positive Arctic Oscillation indicates cold air is trapped in the Arctic; and a negative one means that cold air crashes south as the jet stream weakens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Repeated disruptions of the polar vortex resulted in a strongly negative Arctic oscillation since early December 2020. This translated into a warm Arctic, cold continent pattern, with cold waves in Europe, as well as episodes of heavy precipitation particularly over southern Europe and the Mediterranean rim countries, and Atlantic storms. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Role of Climate Change<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cold spell is unusual but not exceptional. And in contrast to North America, other parts of the globe have been unusually warm. Following the cold spell, many parts of central Europe became unseasonably warm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"USIn general, cold waves are becoming more infrequent as a result of climate change and there has been a decline in new cold temperature records as a result of global warming.  But frigid temperatures and snow will continue to be part of our typical weather patterns in the northern hemisphere winter. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In its Fifth Assessment Report<\/a>, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said it is \u00abvirtually certain that there will be more frequent hot and fewer cold temperature extremes over most land areas on daily and seasonal timescales as global mean temperatures increase. It is very likely that heat waves will occur with a higher frequency and duration. Occasional cold winter extremes will continue to occur.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Research is still ongoing on the attribution of extreme temperatures (cold and warm events) observed occasionally in the northern hemisphere winter season. Of particular interest is the question of how the uneven distribution of warming between higher and lower latitudes – with climate warming at greater rate in the polar regions-, could explain or interact with some of these types of short-term intra-seasonal variability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PUBLIC.WMO.INT<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Grandes extensiones de Am\u00e9rica del Norte se han visto afectadas por nevadas fr\u00edas y fuertes, lo que ha provocado p\u00e9rdidas de vidas, un gran caos en el tr\u00e1fico y cortes de energ\u00eda para millones de personas. La congelaci\u00f3n prolongada, que vio muchas temperaturas m\u00e1ximas y m\u00ednimas fr\u00edas r\u00e9cord, fue causada por una r\u00e1faga de aire […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecologia"],"acf":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=104351"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104353,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104351\/revisions\/104353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=104351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=104351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=104351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}