{"id":111806,"date":"2021-07-16T15:18:10","date_gmt":"2021-07-16T19:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/?p=111806"},"modified":"2021-07-16T15:18:16","modified_gmt":"2021-07-16T19:18:16","slug":"verano-de-extremos-inundaciones-calor-y-fuego","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/?p=111806","title":{"rendered":"Verano de extremos: inundaciones, calor y fuego"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Las fuertes lluvias han provocado inundaciones devastadoras que causaron decenas de v\u00edctimas en Europa Occidental. Partes de Escandinavia est\u00e1n soportando una ola de calor duradera y las columnas de humo de Siberia han afectado la calidad del aire en la l\u00ednea de fecha internacional en Alaska. El calor sin precedentes en el oeste de Am\u00e9rica del Norte tambi\u00e9n ha provocado devastadores incendios forestales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Humedad del suelo, capa superior
\u00abSi bien los estudios de atribuci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida han demostrado el v\u00ednculo claro entre el cambio clim\u00e1tico inducido por el hombre y los episodios de olas de calor sin precedentes registrados en el oeste de Estados Unidos y Canad\u00e1, los patrones clim\u00e1ticos en todo el hemisferio norte han mostrado patrones ondulados planetarios inusuales en este verano. trajo condiciones de calor, sequ\u00edas, fr\u00edo y humedad sin precedentes en varios lugares. Es necesario investigar la conexi\u00f3n de esta perturbaci\u00f3n a gran escala de la temporada de verano con el calentamiento del \u00c1rtico y la acumulaci\u00f3n de calor en el oc\u00e9ano \u00ab, dijo el Dr. Omar Baddour, director de Divisi\u00f3n de Pol\u00edticas y Vigilancia del Clima de la OMM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inundaciones europeas<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Algunas partes de Europa Occidental recibieron hasta 2 meses de lluvia en 2 d\u00edas (14 y 15 de julio) en suelos que ya estaban cerca de la saturaci\u00f3n. El metro superior de suelo estaba completamente saturado o muy por encima de la capacidad de campo despu\u00e9s de la intensa lluvia en las regiones m\u00e1s afectadas de B\u00e9lgica, Holanda, Luxemburgo y Alemania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En t\u00e9rminos de v\u00edctimas humanas, Alemania y B\u00e9lgica fueron los pa\u00edses m\u00e1s afectados por las inundaciones en Europa. Las autoridades informaron que al menos un centenar de personas murieron, y muchas m\u00e1s desaparecieron cuando las personas quedaron atrapadas o arrastradas por las aguas. Im\u00e1genes de casas derrumbadas y deslizamientos de tierra mostraron la fuerza de las aguas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Valores de precipitaci\u00f3n acumulada en 24 horas
\u00abEs una cat\u00e1strofe. Hay muertos, desaparecidos y muchos todav\u00eda est\u00e1n en peligro\u00bb, dice Malu Dreyer, presidente del estado alem\u00e1n de Rheinland Pfalz, que fue una de las \u00e1reas m\u00e1s afectadas, con casas derrumbadas e inundaciones repentinas generalizadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seg\u00fan el servicio meteorol\u00f3gico nacional alem\u00e1n, DWD, se produjeron entre 100 y 150 mm de precipitaci\u00f3n en 24 horas entre el 14 y el 15 de julio. La estaci\u00f3n meteorol\u00f3gica de Rheinbach-Todenfeld (Renania del Norte-Westfalia) registr\u00f3 158 mm seguida de Colonia-Stammheim (Renania del Norte-Westfalia) con 154 mm, Klein-Altendorf (Renania-Palatinado) con 147 mm y Kall- Sistig (Renania del Norte Westfalia) con 145 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En todos los pa\u00edses afectados, los servicios meteorol\u00f3gicos e hidrol\u00f3gicos nacionales emitieron numerosas advertencias, incluidas Alertas Rojas de alto nivel para advertir a las personas del riesgo para la vida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esta situaci\u00f3n se debi\u00f3 a un sistema meteorol\u00f3gico de baja presi\u00f3n casi estacionario que se ha establecido en Alemania. Este sistema barocl\u00ednico inestable generalmente se mueve lentamente sobre una regi\u00f3n confinada y est\u00e1 asociado con una fuerte convergencia y un movimiento ascendente que conduce a fuertes lluvias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Luxemburgo, los Pa\u00edses Bajos y Suiza y partes del noreste de Francia tambi\u00e9n se vieron gravemente afectados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En Suiza, MeteoSwiss describi\u00f3 los altos niveles de agua como cr\u00edticos. La alerta de inundaci\u00f3n de nivel 5 superior est\u00e1 en vigor para los lagos Biel, Thun y Vierwaldstattersee, y el nivel 4 para el lago Brienz, el Rin cerca de Basilea y el lago Z\u00farich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anomal\u00eda de la temperatura media del aire
Las inundaciones repentinas paralizaron la red de transporte de Londres el 12 de julio cuando cayeron alrededor de 70 mm de lluvia en un corto espacio de tiempo sobre una zona urbana densamente poblada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Olas de calor<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mientras que Europa Central sufri\u00f3 inundaciones mortales, Europa del Norte se ha visto afectada por una ola de calor prolongada<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finlandia tuvo su junio m\u00e1s c\u00e1lido registrado, seg\u00fan FMI. Y el calor se ha extendido hasta julio. Kouvola Anjala, que se encuentra en el sur de Finlandia, ha vivido 27 d\u00edas consecutivos con temperaturas superiores a los 25 \u00b0 C. Esta es la ola de calor m\u00e1s larga en Finlandia desde al menos 1961.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En Lappeenranta Hiekkapakka y Porvoo Kalb\u00e5dagrund, la temperatura no descendi\u00f3 por debajo de 24,2 \u00b0 C (12 h m\u00ednimo). Ambas lecturas corresponden a la noche m\u00e1s c\u00e1lida jam\u00e1s registrada en Finlandia, seg\u00fan investigadores del Instituto Meteorol\u00f3gico de Finlandia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El golfo de Finlandia en el mar B\u00e1ltico es r\u00e9cord de calor, hasta 26,6 \u00b0 C el 14 de julio, el m\u00e1s c\u00e1lido desde que comenzaron los registros hace 20 a\u00f1os, seg\u00fan el servicio meteorol\u00f3gico finland\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El oeste de EE. UU. Y Canad\u00e1 tambi\u00e9n se han visto afectados por el calor, y se batieron muchos r\u00e9cords en la ola de calor m\u00e1s reciente el pasado fin de semana en el suroeste de EE. UU. Por ejemplo, Las Vegas empat\u00f3 su r\u00e9cord de todos los tiempos de 117 \u00b0 F (47,2 \u00b0 C), al igual que Utah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monitor de sequ\u00eda de EE. UU.
Death Valley, California hab\u00eda informado una temperatura de 130 \u00b0 F (54,4 \u00b0 C) el 9 de julio, seg\u00fan el Servicio Meteorol\u00f3gico Nacional de EE. UU. En Las Vegas. La OMM est\u00e1 lista para verificar nuevas temperaturas extremas Actualmente estamos evaluando una lectura de 130 \u00b0 F en agosto de 2020 en el Valle de la Muerte, que tiene el r\u00e9cord de temperatura m\u00e1s alta del mundo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El Servicio Meteorol\u00f3gico Nacional de EE. UU. Emiti\u00f3 el 16 de julio nuevas advertencias de calor excesivo en el noroeste del Pac\u00edfico, que se vio afectado por la ola de calor de finales de junio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Las condiciones de mega sequ\u00eda, los combustibles muy secos y las olas de calor est\u00e1n alimentando la ocurrencia de incendios forestales extremos este a\u00f1o en el oeste de EE. UU., As\u00ed como en el oeste y centro de Canad\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heavy rainfall has triggered devastating flooding causing dozens of casualties in Western Europe. Parts of Scandinavia are enduring a lasting heatwave, and smoke plumes from Siberia have affected air quality across the international dateline in Alaska. The unprecedented heat in Western North America has also triggered devastating wildfires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Soil<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00abWhilst rapid attribution studies have shown the clear link between human-induced climate change  for the unprecedented heatwave episodes recorded in the Western United States and Canada, weather patterns over the whole northern Hemisphere have shown an unusual planetary wavy patterns in this summer. This has brought unprecedented heat, droughts, cold and wet conditions in various places. The connection of this large-scale disturbance of summer season with the warming of Arctic and the heat accumulation in the ocean needs to be investigated,\u00bb said Dr Omar Baddour, head of WMO Climate Monitoring and Policy Division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

European Floods<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some parts of Western Europe received up to 2 months worth of rainfall in 2 days (14 and 15 July) on soils that were already near saturation. The top 1 meter of soil was completely saturated or well above field capacity after the intense rain in the most affected regions of Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In terms of the human toll, Germany and Belgium were the worst hit countries by the floods in Europe. Authorities reported at least one hundred people were killed, with many more missing as people were trapped or swept away by waters. Images of collapsed houses and landlides showed the force of the waters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"24-Hour<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00abIt is a catastrophe. There are dead, missing and many are still in danger,\u00bb says Malu Dreyer, President of the German state of Rheinland Pfalz, which was one of the worst affected areas, with collapsed houses and widespread flash flooding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the German national meteorological service, DWD, about 100 to 150 mm of precipitation occurred in 24 hours between 14 and 15 July. The weather station of Rheinbach-Todenfeld (North Rhine-Westphalia) recorded 158 mm followed by Cologne-Stammheim (North Rhine-Westphalia) with 154 mm, Klein-Altendorf (Rhineland-Palatinate) with 147 mm and Kall- Sistig (North Rhine-Westphalia) with 145 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Throughout the affected countries, national meteorological and hydrological services issued numerous warnings, including top level Red Alerts to warn people of the risk to life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This situation was due to a near-stationary low-pressure weather system which has established over Germany. This unstable, baroclinic system usually moves slowly over a confined region, and it is associated with strong convergence and upward motion leading to heavy rainfall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Switzerland and parts of north-eastern France were also been badly impacted.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Switzerland, MeteoSwiss described high water levels as critical. The top Level 5 flood warning is in place for lakes Biel, Thun and the Vierwaldstattersee, and level 4 for Lake Brienz, the Rhine near Basel and Lake Zurich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Average<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Flash flooding paralysed London\u2019s transport network on 12 July as around 70 mm of rainfall fell in a short space of time over a highly populated urban area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heatwaves<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Central Europe suffered deadly floods, Northern Europe has been gripped by an extended heatwave<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finland had its warmest June on record<\/a>, according to FMI. And the heat has extended into July. Kouvola Anjala, which is in southern Finland, has seen 27 consecutive days with temperatures above 25\u00b0C. This is the longest heatwave in Finland since at least 1961.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Lappeenranta Hiekkapakka and Porvoo Kalb\u00e5dagrund temperature did not drop below 24.2\u00b0C (12 h minimum). Both readings tie the warmest night ever recorded in Finland, according to researchers at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea is record-warm, up to 26.6\u00b0C on 14 July, the warmest since records began 20 years ago, according to the Finnish meteorological service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Western USA and Canada has also been gripped by heat, with many records broken in the most recent heatwave last weekend in SW USA. eg Las Vegas tied its all-time record of 117\u00b0F (47.2\u00b0C), as did Utah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"US<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Death Valley, California had reported temperature of 130\u00b0F (54.4\u00b0C) 9 July, according to the US National Weather Service in Las Vegas. WMO is ready to verify new extreme temperatures We are currently evaluating 130\u00b0F reading in Aug 2020 at Death Valley, which holds world highest temperature record.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The US National Weather Service on 16 July issued new warnings of excessive heat in Northwest Pacific which was hit by the end of June heatwave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The megadrought conditions, very dry fuels and heatwaves are fuelling the occurrence of extreme wildfires this year in west USA, as well as western and central Canada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \"HazardClimate Change attribution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate change is already increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, and many single events have been shown to have been made worse by global warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The record-breaking heatwave in parts of the US and Canada at the end of June would have been virtually impossible without the influence of human-caused climate change, according to a rapid attribution analysis by an international team of leading climate scientists. Climate change, caused by greenhouse gas emissions, made the heatwave at least 150 times more likely to happen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the atmosphere gets warmer it holds more moisture which means it will rain more during storms, increasing the risk of floods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coinciding with the heavy rainfall in London, the UK\u2019s Met Office issued a new study which examines how high-impact weather in the UK, such as extremely hot days, heavy rainfall and very cold conditions, could be affected at different levels of global warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Fire<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The study, published in the journal Climatic Change<\/a>, found that the higher the level of global warming, the projected increase in frequency or severity or both will be stronger for hot weather, droughts and flooding in the UK. These high-impact weather events can cause significant disruption across the UK affecting sectors such as health, transport, agriculture and energy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The number of days of high-impact heavy rainfall in the UK leading to severe weather warnings could rise by three days per year <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Currently, there are around 7 days per year (range 6-9 days) in England and Wales with intense and prolonged rainfall that could lead to river flooding. With a 4.0\u00b0C rise in global temperature this could rise to 11 days per year (range 10-13 days). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"wmo<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Under a 2.0\u00b0C rise in global temperature it is expected England and Wales will receive 9 days (range 8-10 days) of intense and prolonged rainfall. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPCC Special Report Global Warming of 1.5\u00b0C mentions that human-induced global warming has already caused multiple observed changes in the climate system. Trends in intensity and frequency of some climate and weather extremes have been detected over time spans during which about 0.5\u00b0C of global warming occurred. Changes include increases in both land and ocean temperatures, as well as more frequent heatwaves in most land regions. Further, there is substantial evidence that human-induced global warming has led to an increase in the frequency, intensity and\/or amount of heavy precipitation events at the global scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Several regional changes in climate are assessed to occur even with global warming up to 1.5\u00b0C as compared to pre-industrial levels, including warming of extreme temperatures in many regions, increases in frequency, intensity and\/or amount of heavy precipitation in several regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

public.wmo.int<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Las fuertes lluvias han provocado inundaciones devastadoras que causaron decenas de v\u00edctimas en Europa Occidental. Partes de Escandinavia est\u00e1n soportando una ola de calor duradera y las columnas de humo de Siberia han afectado la calidad del aire en la l\u00ednea de fecha internacional en Alaska. El calor sin precedentes en el oeste de Am\u00e9rica […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecologia"],"acf":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=111806"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111806\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":111808,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111806\/revisions\/111808"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=111806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=111806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=111806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}