{"id":146688,"date":"2023-06-02T11:00:44","date_gmt":"2023-06-02T15:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/?p=146688"},"modified":"2023-06-02T11:00:49","modified_gmt":"2023-06-02T15:00:49","slug":"investigadores-de-la-nasa-detectan-tsunamis-por-su-ruido-en-la-atmosfera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/?p=146688","title":{"rendered":"Investigadores de la NASA detectan tsunamis por su ruido en la atm\u00f3sfera"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La nueva tecnolog\u00eda de monitoreo de peligros utiliza se\u00f1ales de GPS para ir a la caza de olas en el Cintur\u00f3n de Fuego del Pac\u00edfico. El objetivo a largo plazo de GUARDIAN es aumentar los sistemas de alerta temprana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Provocados por terremotos, volcanes submarinos y otras fuerzas que sacuden la Tierra, los tsunamis pueden devastar las comunidades costeras. Y cuando se trata de brindar una advertencia anticipada, cada segundo cuenta. Los cient\u00edficos del Laboratorio de Propulsi\u00f3n a Chorro de la NASA est\u00e1n probando un enfoque novedoso para detectar, desde los confines de la atm\u00f3sfera, las olas m\u00e1s letales del oc\u00e9ano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Llamado GUARDIAN (GNSS Upper Atmospheric Real-time Disaster Information and Alert Network), el sistema de monitoreo experimental aprovecha los datos de grupos de GPS y otros sat\u00e9lites de orientaci\u00f3n que orbitan nuestro planeta. En conjunto, estos grupos se conocen como sistemas satelitales de navegaci\u00f3n global o GNSS. Sus se\u00f1ales de radio viajan a cientos de estaciones terrestres cient\u00edficas en todo el mundo, y la red Global Differential GPS (GDGPS) de JPL procesa los datos, lo que mejora la precisi\u00f3n posicional en tiempo real hasta unas pocas pulgadas (aproximadamente 10 cent\u00edmetros).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El nuevo sistema tamiza las se\u00f1ales en busca de pistas de que ha surgido un tsunami en alg\u00fan lugar de la Tierra. \u00bfComo funciona? Durante un tsunami, muchas millas cuadradas de la superficie del oc\u00e9ano pueden subir y bajar casi al un\u00edsono, desplazando una cantidad significativa de aire por encima. El aire desplazado se propaga en todas direcciones en forma de ondas sonoras y de gravedad de baja frecuencia. En varios minutos, estas vibraciones alcanzan la capa superior de la atm\u00f3sfera: la ionosfera cargada el\u00e9ctricamente y cocinada por el Sol. El consiguiente choque de ondas de presi\u00f3n con part\u00edculas cargadas puede distorsionar muy levemente las se\u00f1ales de los sat\u00e9lites de navegaci\u00f3n cercanos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esta animaci\u00f3n muestra c\u00f3mo las ondas de energ\u00eda del terremoto y tsunami de Tohoku-Oki del 11 de marzo de 2011 perforaron la ionosfera de la Tierra en las cercan\u00edas de Jap\u00f3n, perturbando la densidad de los electrones. Estas perturbaciones fueron monitoreadas rastreando se\u00f1ales de GPS entre sat\u00e9lites y receptores terrestres.
Cr\u00e9ditos: NASA\/JPL-Caltech
Si bien las herramientas de navegaci\u00f3n generalmente buscan corregir tales perturbaciones ionosf\u00e9ricas, los cient\u00edficos pueden usarlas como una campana de alarma que salva vidas, se\u00f1al\u00f3 L\u00e9o Martire, cient\u00edfico del JPL que desarrolla GUARDIAN. \u201cEn lugar de corregir esto como un error, lo usamos como datos para encontrar peligros naturales\u201d, dijo Martire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La herramienta de monitoreo m\u00e1s r\u00e1pida de su tipo<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La tecnolog\u00eda a\u00fan est\u00e1 madurando, dijo Martire, quien copreside un grupo de trabajo dentro del Comit\u00e9 Internacional de GNSS de las Naciones Unidas que est\u00e1 explorando el uso de sistemas de navegaci\u00f3n por sat\u00e9lite para mejorar las estrategias de alerta temprana. Actualmente, los resultados casi en tiempo real de GUARDIAN deben ser interpretados por expertos capacitados para identificar se\u00f1ales de tsunamis. Pero ya es una de las herramientas de monitoreo m\u00e1s r\u00e1pidas de su tipo: en 10 minutos puede producir una especie de instant\u00e1nea del estruendo de un tsunami que llega a la ionosfera. Y potencialmente podr\u00eda proporcionar hasta una hora de advertencia, dependiendo de la distancia del origen del tsunami desde la costa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPrevemos que GUARDIAN alg\u00fan d\u00eda complementar\u00e1 los instrumentos terrestres y marinos existentes, como sism\u00f3metros, boyas y mare\u00f3grafos, que son muy efectivos pero carecen de cobertura sistem\u00e1tica del oc\u00e9ano abierto\u201d, dice Siddharth Krishnamoorthy, tambi\u00e9n parte del equipo de desarrollo del JPL. . Los cient\u00edficos afiliados al programa de Desastres de la NASA actualmente usan instrumentos terrestres en estaciones GNSS para una detecci\u00f3n m\u00e1s r\u00e1pida de tsunamis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Una se\u00f1al de evacuaci\u00f3n apunta a un terreno m\u00e1s seguro en Phuket, Tailandia
Una se\u00f1al de evacuaci\u00f3n apunta a un terreno m\u00e1s seguro en Phuket, Tailandia, donde un tsunami catastr\u00f3fico sigui\u00f3 a un terremoto submarino el 26 de diciembre de 2004. Uno de los desastres naturales m\u00e1s mort\u00edferos de la historia moderna, al menos 225,000 personas en varios pa\u00edses murieron.
Cr\u00e9ditos: NASA\/JPL-Caltech
\u201cCuando hay un gran terremoto cerca del oc\u00e9ano, queremos saber r\u00e1pidamente la magnitud y las caracter\u00edsticas del terremoto para comprender la probabilidad de que se genere un tsunami, y queremos saber si realmente se gener\u00f3 un tsunami\u201d, dijo Gerald Bawden. , el cient\u00edfico del programa para la superficie y el interior de la Tierra en la sede de la NASA en Washington. \u201cHoy hay dos formas de saber si se gener\u00f3 un tsunami antes de tocar tierra: las boyas DART de la NOAA y las observaciones de la ionosfera GNSS. Hay un n\u00famero limitado de boyas y son muy caras, por lo que sistemas como GUARDIAN tienen el potencial de complementar los sistemas de alerta actuales\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En este momento, el equipo de GUARDIAN est\u00e1 enfocado en el Anillo de Fuego geol\u00f3gicamente activo del Oc\u00e9ano Pac\u00edfico. Alrededor del 78% de los m\u00e1s de 750 tsunamis confirmados entre 1900 y 2015 ocurrieron en esta regi\u00f3n, seg\u00fan una base de datos hist\u00f3rica principal<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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nasa.gov<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NASA Researchers Detect Tsunamis by Their Rumble in the Atmosphere<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\"Waves<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Waves churn in Onomea Bay, Hawaii, where the sea rose by more than 30 feet (9 meters) during the deadly tsunami of April 1, 1946. Emerging technology could help detect these natural hazards via acoustic and gravity ripples they hurl towards space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Credits: M. Younger<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

New hazard-monitoring technology uses GPS signals to go wave-hunting in the Pacific Ring of Fire. GUARDIAN\u2019s long-term objective is to augment early warning systems.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Triggered by earthquakes, undersea volcanoes, and other Earth-shaking forces, tsunamis can devastate coastal communities. And when it comes to providing advance warning, every second counts. Scientists at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory are testing a novel approach to detect \u2013 from the far reaches of the atmosphere \u2013 the ocean\u2019s deadliest waves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Called GUARDIAN<\/a> (GNSS Upper Atmospheric Real-time Disaster Information and Alert Network), the experimental monitoring system taps into data from clusters of GPS and other wayfinding satellites orbiting our planet. Collectively, these clusters are known as global navigational satellite systems, or GNSS. Their radio signals travel to hundreds of scientific ground stations around the world, and that data is crunched by JPL\u2019s Global Differential GPS (GDGPS) network, which improves real-time positional accuracy<\/a> down to a few inches (roughly 10 centimeters).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The new system sifts the signals for clues that a tsunami has arisen somewhere on Earth. How does it work? During a tsunami, many square miles of the ocean surface can rise and fall nearly in unison, displacing a significant amount of air above it. The displaced air ripples out in all directions in the form of low-frequency sound and gravity waves. Within several minutes, these vibrations reach the topmost layer of atmosphere: the Sun-cooked, electrically charged ionosphere<\/a>. The ensuing clash of pressure waves with charged particles can distort the signals from nearby navigational satellites ever so slightly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=VyFgYNGytSc%3Frel%3D0\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

This animation shows how waves of energy from the Tohoku-Oki earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011, pierced Earth\u2019s ionosphere in the vicinity of Japan, disturbing the density of electrons. These disturbances were monitored by tracking GPS signals between satellites and ground receivers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Credits: NASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

While navigation tools usually seek to correct for such ionospheric disturbances, scientists can use them as a lifesaving alarm bell, noted L\u00e9o Martire, a JPL scientist developing GUARDIAN. \u201cInstead of correcting for this as an error, we use it as data to find natural hazards,\u201d Martire said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fastest Monitoring Tool of Its Kind<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The technology is still maturing, said Martire, who co-chairs a task force within the United Nations\u2019 International Committee on GNSS<\/a> that is exploring the use of navigational satellite systems to enhance early warning strategies. Currently, GUARDIAN\u2019s near-real-time output must be interpreted by experts trained to identify signs of tsunamis. But already it is one of the fastest monitoring tools of its kind: Within 10 minutes<\/a> it can produce a kind of snapshot of a tsunami\u2019s rumble reaching the ionosphere. And it could potentially provide as much as an hour of warning, depending on the distance of the tsunami origin from shore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe envision GUARDIAN one day complementing existing ground- and ocean-based instruments such as seismometers, buoys, and tide gauges, which are highly effective but lack systematic coverage of the open ocean,\u201d says Siddharth Krishnamoorthy, <\/em>also part of the JPL development team. Scientists affiliated with NASA\u2019s Disasters program currently use ground-based instruments<\/a> at GNSS stations for faster tsunami detection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"An<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

An evacuation sign points to safer ground in Phuket, Thailand, where a catastrophic tsunami followed an undersea earthquake on Dec. 26, 2004. One of the deadliest natural disasters in modern history, at least 225,000 people across multiple countries were killed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Credits: NASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen there is a large earthquake near the ocean, we want to quickly know the magnitude and characteristics of the earthquake to understand the likelihood that a tsunami will be generated, and we want to know if a tsunami was indeed generated,\u201d said Gerald Bawden, the program scientist for Earth\u2019s Surface and Interior at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \u201cToday there are two ways to know if a tsunami was generated before it makes landfall \u2013 NOAA\u2019s DART buoys<\/a> and GNSS-ionosphere observations. There is a limited number of buoys and they are very expensive, so systems like GUARDIAN have the potential to complement current warning systems.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Right now, the GUARDIAN team is focused on the Pacific Ocean\u2019s geologically active Ring of Fire. About 78% of the more than 750 confirmed tsunamis between 1900 and 2015 occurred in this region, according to a historical database<\/a> maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). GUARDIAN currently monitors a little over half of the region of interest in the Pacific.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The GUARDIAN team is developing a website to allow experts to explore the state of the ionosphere in near real time by studying individual satellite station links on the GNSS network. Users can access the data from about 90 stations around the Pacific Ring of Fire and discover signals of interest within minutes of an event occurring. The team aims to expand coverage and refine the system to a point where it could automatically flag tsunamis and other hazards, including volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jane J. Lee \/ Andrew Wang
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-354-0307 \/ 626-379-6874
jane.j.lee@jpl.nasa.gov<\/a> \/ andrew.wang@jpl.nasa.gov<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Written by Sally Younger<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La nueva tecnolog\u00eda de monitoreo de peligros utiliza se\u00f1ales de GPS para ir a la caza de olas en el Cintur\u00f3n de Fuego del Pac\u00edfico. El objetivo a largo plazo de GUARDIAN es aumentar los sistemas de alerta temprana. Provocados por terremotos, volcanes submarinos y otras fuerzas que sacuden la Tierra, los tsunamis pueden devastar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":146690,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-146688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecologia"],"acf":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sportseco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/1-onomea-bay-portal.jpg?fit=985%2C657&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=146688"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146688\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":146692,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146688\/revisions\/146692"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/146690"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=146688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=146688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sportseco.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=146688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}